Spontaneous Abortion And Miscarriage

A spontaneous abortion, also known as a miscarriage, is the spontaneous ending of a pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation. Miscarriages usually occur due to a genetic or developmental abnormality in the embryo or fetus, and can result from a variety of factors. Most miscarriages are caused by unknown factors and are generally thought to be random and unavoidable. Other potential causes of miscarriage include hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and certain infections and environmental exposures. Risk factors for spontaneous abortion include advanced maternal age, underlying medical conditions, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive drinking, and drug use. Signs and symptoms of a miscarriage vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and may include vaginal bleeding and cramping. Diagnosis is typically made through an ultrasound or physical exam and may include laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options depend on the stage of pregnancy and may include medical or surgical management. Prevention of spontaneous abortions is difficult as the cause is often unknown and risk factors are largely out of the patient’s control. However, women can reduce their risk by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding potentially harmful substances.