Prematurity

Prematurity is a condition in which a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. It is the leading cause of death for infants in the United States, accounting for about one-third of infant deaths. In some cases, medical interventions can help prevent premature birth, but it is still a major public health issue. The exact cause of prematurity is not known, but some factors are linked to an increased risk of preterm birth. These include multiple pregnancies, certain maternal medical conditions, infections, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and drug use. Premature infants may have a range of health problems, depending on how early they are born. These problems can include breathing difficulties, respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, dehydration, and difficulty in regulating body temperature. Premature babies are also at risk for problems related to their immature neurological systems, such as cerebral palsy and cognitive and behavior disorders. To reduce the risk of prematurity, pregnant women should receive regular prenatal care, eat a balanced diet, and avoid smoking, drugs, and alcohol. Women should also discuss any medical conditions or lifestyle factors that may increase their risk of preterm birth with their healthcare provider.