Pregnancy Oral Contraceptives

Pregnancy oral contraceptives are medications used to prevent pregnancy. They work by preventing ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovary, and making the uterus an inhospitable environment for a fertilized egg. Oral contraceptives may also prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. Oral contraceptives are typically taken in pill form, although other forms such as patches, rings, injections, and implants are also available. Oral contraceptives are one of the most effective methods of birth control, with a 99 percent effectiveness rate when taken as directed. Oral contraceptives are available as combination pills, which contain both estrogen and progestin, or progestin-only pills. Combination pills are taken for 21 days, followed by a seven-day break when a woman may experience her period. Progestin-only pills are taken every day with no break. Oral contraceptives are generally safe for most women to use, although there are some risks associated with their use. These may include an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack, as well as changes in blood pressure and cholesterol. Women with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or who smoke should consult with their doctor before taking oral contraceptives. In addition to preventing pregnancy, oral contraceptives may also provide medical benefits, including lighter and more regular periods, decreased acne, and a reduced risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer.