Obstetrics is a medical specialty focused on the care of women during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth. It is also concerned with the postnatal care of both mother and baby. An obstetrician is a medical doctor who specializes in obstetrics. The field of obstetrics encompasses a variety of medical care related to reproduction and childbirth. This includes pre-pregnancy counseling, fertility treatments, prenatal care, labor and delivery, postpartum care, and neonatal care. Obstetricians provide medical care throughout the entire pregnancy and childbirth process. Obstetricians are trained to assess, diagnose, and manage complications during pregnancy and labor. They also provide assistance during delivery and help manage the newborn's health. They may also provide care for women who have experienced pregnancy loss. Obstetricians are highly trained medical professionals. In order to practice, they must complete a four-year residency program in obstetrics and gynecology. This residency program includes clinical rotations in both obstetrics and gynecology and specialized courses in obstetrics and gynecology.