Intrauterine Device

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small contraceptive device that is inserted and left in a woman’s uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are made of flexible plastic and are shaped like a “T”. They come in two types – hormonal and copper. Hormonal IUDs release small amounts of a hormone called progestin, while copper IUDs have a copper wire coiled around them. IUDs are a long-acting, reversible form of birth control. They are inserted in a doctor’s office and can be left in place for up to 10 years. Once the IUD is inserted, it works immediately. The hormone in the IUD thickens the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg, and it also thins the lining of the uterus, making it harder for a fertilized egg to attach and implant. The copper in the IUD interferes with the sperm’s ability to move and fertilize the egg. IUDs are a safe and effective form of birth control and are very easy to use. They are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and do not require any maintenance, such as taking a pill or getting a shot. IUDs are also cost-effective, as they can be used for up to 10 years. Despite their many benefits, IUDs have some risks and side effects. These can include cramping and pain during insertion, and possible allergic reaction to the hormones or copper. In rare cases, the IUD can slip out of place or puncture the uterus. In some women, the hormones in the IUD can cause irregular bleeding. If you’re considering an IUD for contraception, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits to decide if it’s the right choice for you.