Fallopian Tube

The Fallopian tubes are two thin tubes, one on each side of the uterus, that are part of a woman's reproductive system. They are also sometimes called uterine tubes or oviducts. The Fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. They provide a path for the ova (eggs) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries release an egg each month, which then travels down the Fallopian tube toward the uterus. If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, it may implant in the uterus and develop into a fetus. If not, the egg passes out of the body during menstruation. The Fallopian tubes are lined with tiny hair-like projections called cilia, which move in a wavelike motion to help transport the egg. The walls of the tubes are also lined with cells that secrete a nutrient-rich fluid to help the egg along its journey. Along the way, if the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, it may attach itself to the Fallopian tube wall and begin to develop. This is called an ectopic pregnancy and can be dangerous to the mother if not treated promptly. The Fallopian tubes are also responsible for producing hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. When the egg is released from the ovary, the Fallopian tubes secrete a chemical called prostaglandin that helps to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If the egg is not fertilized, the Fallopian tubes secrete another chemical called relaxin that helps to relax the uterus and prepare it for menstruation. The Fallopian tubes are an integral part of a woman's reproductive system, and any damage or blockage in the tubes can lead to infertility. Disorders of the Fallopian tubes can be caused by infections, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or growths such as fibroids or tumors. Treatment for Fallopian tube disorders may include surgery, medication, or assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).