Embryotoxicity

Embryotoxicity is a form of toxicity that affects the developing embryo. It can be caused by chemical or physical agents, including drugs, environmental toxins, radiation, and certain viruses. The effects of embryotoxicity can range from subtle developmental delays to major malformations and death. In some cases, effects may only be seen later in life. Embryotoxicity occurs when a toxic agent interferes with normal embryonic development in some way. This interference can be through direct cellular damage or through disruption of important processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis. The effects can range from minor to severe, and the severity of the effects depends on the specific agent, the dose, and the timing of exposure. The most common effects of embryotoxicity are malformations such as cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects, and heart defects. Exposure to certain agents can also cause growth retardation, intellectual disabilities, and even death.