A1 Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that is triggered during pregnancy and affects approximately 2-10% of pregnancies globally. It is typically diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, and is characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood, or hyperglycemia. If left untreated, GDM can lead to serious health complications for both the mother and baby. GDM occurs when the body's cells become insulin resistant due to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone that normally helps the body use glucose, or sugar, for energy. When cells become resistant to insulin, glucose builds up in the blood rather than being taken up by cells, leading to high blood sugar. The exact cause of GDM is unknown, but certain factors are known to increase a woman's risk, such as a family history of type 2 diabetes, being overweight prior to pregnancy, and being of certain ethnic backgrounds. The most common symptom of GDM is high blood sugar levels, which can be detected through a blood test. Other symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing. GDM can be treated with lifestyle changes, such as eating healthy, engaging in regular physical activity, and tracking blood sugar levels. In some cases, insulin or other medications may be required. If GDM is properly managed, it can reduce the risk of serious complications for both mother and baby, including preeclampsia, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, and low blood sugar in the baby after birth. It is important for pregnant women to be aware of the risk factors for GDM and to be screened for it during pregnancy.