Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is a condition that affects thousands of women of all ages. It is characterized by painful cramps and spasms in the lower abdominal area during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea can be either primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pain felt within the first two days of menstruation that is not caused by any underlying medical condition. Secondary dysmenorrhea is defined as pain that is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis or fibroids. The exact cause of primary dysmenorrhea is not known, but it is thought to be caused by the release of a hormone called prostaglandin, which is believed to cause the uterus to contract and cause pain. Other potential causes include an imbalance of hormones, or an overproduction of prostaglandins. Symptoms of dysmenorrhea can include pain in the lower abdomen, back, and thighs; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; and headaches. Symptoms are usually worse during the first few days of menstruation and can last up to three days. In some cases, symptoms may last longer. Treatment for dysmenorrhea typically includes over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen. In some cases, a doctor may recommend hormonal birth control pills to help reduce pain. Other treatments include lifestyle changes, such as getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and reducing stress. If symptoms of dysmenorrhea are severe and do not respond to treatment, a doctor may recommend further testing to rule out any underlying medical conditions. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying condition. Dysmenorrhea can be a painful and disruptive condition, but it is often treatable. If you experience any symptoms of dysmenorrhea, see your doctor for evaluation and treatment.