Title : Risk factors of osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women based on femur BMD T-Score
Abstract:
We examined postmenopausal women’s bone health to identify osteoporosis and osteopenia risk factors. Age, BMI, low dairy intake, lack of exercise, Kurdish ethnicity, and previous fractures were linked to lower bone density. Modifiable lifestyle factors could inform preventive strategies, potentially reducing osteoporosis-related complications in aging populations.
Objective: Investigating risk factors for osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women based on femur BMD T-scores.
Method: Single-center retrospective study of postmenopausal women who underwent femur bone densitometry from March 2015 to February 2017. According to femur BMD T-scores, participants were categorized into three groups—osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal bone density.
Results: Among 1,364 women studied, 251 (18.4%) had normal BMD, 716 (52.5%) had osteopenia, and 397 (29.1%) were osteoporotic. The average age was 57 ± 7.4 years, and 68.9% were of Persian origin. Significant differences in age, BMI, parity (> 6 children), dairy consumption, calcium-D supplementation, regular exercise, breastfeeding (> 10 years), Kurdish ethnicity, and fracture history were found across the three groups. Risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis were low dairy intake [AOR: 1.52 (95% CI: 1.06 – 2.18; P = 0.022)] and previous fractures [AOR: 3.08 (95% CI: 1.62 – 5.85; P = 0.001)]. Advancing age is a risk factor for both (Osteopenia: [AOR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.05 – 1.13; P < 0.001)], Osteoporosis: [AOR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.17 – 1.28; P < 0.001)]) while BMI >30 and BMI between 25 and 30 is protective (Osteopenia:[AOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.22 – 0.75; P = 0.004)],[AOR: 0.53 (95% CI: 0.28 – 0.98; P = 0.043)], and Osteoporosis: [AOR: 0.12 (95% CI: 0.06 – 0.26; P < 0.001)], [AOR: 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12 – 0.52; P < 0.001)]).
Conclusion: This study highlights key risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, particularly the impact of age, dairy intake, BMI, and fracture history on bone health.
Keywords: Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Bone density, Menopause, Femur
